A Fluid-Structure Interaction Solver for Nano-Air-Vehicle Flapping Wings
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the implementation of a fluid-structure interaction solver intended to be used for the analysis of flexible flapping airfoils. The governing equations associated to elastic solids with large deformations but small strains, and to incompressible fluids are presented. The solver is implemented in the OpenFOAM software. The fluid-structure coupling is handled by an iterative partitioned algorithm where each field (the solid and the fluid) are treated separately. The spatial discretization is achieved with the segregated finite-volume method for both fields. The fluid module implements the Navier-Stokes equations using a SIMPLE algorithm whereas the solid module implements the St. Venant Kirchhoff constitutive law in a Lagrangian formulation where nonlinear and component-coupled terms are treated iteratively in a fixed point manner. Typical test simulations are carried out and results are found to be in good agreement with literature. Finally, preliminary results of flexible flapping wings are presented, showing that the solver seems well suited for this kind of application. Nomenclature a Matrix coefficient a Acceleration vector field b Right-hand side coefficient of a linear system cs Characteristic wave speed in the solid C Aerodynamic force coefficient CR Resultant force coefficient on the point of attachment
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".