A Numerical Study on a V-Shaped Laminar Stratified Flame
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A V-shaped laminar stratified flame was investigated by numerical simulation. The primitive variable method, in which the fully elliptic governing equations were solved with detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties, was used. The results indicate that in addition to the primary premixed flame, the stratified charge in a combustor causes the formation of a diffusion flame. The diffusion flame is located between the primary premixed flame branches. The fuel is fully decomposed and converted to some intermediate species, like CO and H2, in the primary premixed flame branches. Due to the shortage of oxygen, the formed CO and H2 in the fuel rich region of the premixed flame branch is further transported to the downstream until they meet the oxygen from the fuel lean region. This leads to the formation of the diffusion flame. There is an interaction between the diffusion flame and the primary premixed flame branches. The interaction intensifies the burning speed of the primary premixed flame. Both the heat transfer and the diffusion of hydrogen and some radicals cause the interaction. With the increase of the stratified charge region, the diffusion flame zone is enlarged and the interaction is enhanced.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".