Bridging Stent-Graft Pullout Force Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess the pullout force (POF) of bridging stent-grafts used in thoracoabdominal stent-grafts and iliac bifurcated grafts. METHODS: In an experimental setup, the POFs of Viabahn or Fluency with or without a Zilver stent were measured when deployed into the renal and celiac branches of a Zenith thoracoabdominal cuff-bearing branched stent-graft. The POFs of the Atrium i-Cast, Viabahn, Fluency, and Fluency+Zilver were measured when deployed into an iliac bifurcated graft with a short side-branch for the internal iliac artery. At least 10 trials were performed for each stent in air at room temperature. RESULTS: The median POF (IQR; absolute range) required to dislodge each bridging stent-graft from the 6-mm renal branch was 1.89 N (0.47 N; 1.65-2.5) for the 7-mm Viabahn, 1.17 N (0.39 N; 0.68-1.57 N) for the 7-mm Fluency, and 2.08 N (0.49 N; 1.59-2.62 N) for the 7-mm Fluency with a supporting 8-mm Zilver stent (p<0.001). For the 8-mm celiac branch, the POFs were 2.79 N (0.82 N; 2.31-4.16 N), 1.74 N (0.18 N; 1.51-1.91 N), and 2.73 N (0.94 N; 1.9-3.61 N) for the 9-mm Viabahn, 9-mm Fluency, and 9-mm Fluency with a 10-mm Zilver stent, respectively (p<0.001). For the 8-mm internal iliac branch, the POFs were 3.53 N (0.85 N; 2.55-4.72 N) for the 9-mm i-Cast, 3.82 N (0.41 N; 3.29-4.45 N) for the 9-mm Viabahn, 2.32 N (0.23 N; 1.63-2.64 N) for the 9-mm Fluency, and 2.61 N (0.71 N; 1.65-3.63 N) for the 9-mm Fluency with a 10-mm Zilver stent (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: There is a small but significant difference in pullout forces among various bridging stent-grafts. As pullout forces may be one factor contributing to type III endoleaks in complex endovascular repairs involving fenestrated and branched stent-grafts, further study is warranted to compare these grafts clinically to determine if they perform differently. According to this study, the theoretical advantages associated with the Viabahn stent-graft make it a strong choice for minimizing branch dislocations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".