Investigation of the Disintegration Behavior of Dietary Supplements in Different Beverages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess how different beverages and temperatures impact the disintegration time of commercial dietary supplements. Four commercial tablet products, calcium citrate, Ester-C, Boswellia serrata extract, and cinnamon extract, which are considered vitamin-mineral dosage forms or botanical dosage forms, were tested. As described in USP General Chapter <2040> Disintegration and Dissolution of Dietary Supplements, Apparatus A and Apparatus B with or without disks were used with a two-station disintegration tester. Beakers (1000 mL) that met the USP <2040> standards were used, and two temperature conditions were tested: 37 C and 5 C. Six different types of beverages, including cola, orange juice, and 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% alcohol, were compared against water. Boswellia serrata extract failed to disintegrate. With the exception of 5% alcohol, all beverages had a significant effect on the disintegration time of calcium citrate and Ester-C. Only cola, orange juice, and 40% alcohol significantly influenced the disintegration time of the cinnamon extract. The temperature of the immersion media did not affect all of the tested products. The tested beverages should not be used to replace water when ingesting therapeutic products.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".