The Effect of Auditory Cues on Gait at Different Stages of Parkinsonʼs Disease and During “On”/“Off” Fluctuations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of auditory cues on selected kinematic gait parameters in moderate and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) including the “Off” phase. Eleven participants in stage II, 10 in stage III, and 8 in stage IV participated in the study. Five were tested in the “Off” state. Walking trials cued at 90% (faster cue) and 110% (slower cue) of baseline step times were performed. A 2-way (stage by cue) analysis of variance with repeated measures with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests was used for analysis. The faster cue significantly improved all parameters in all stages. Descriptive data while “Off” demonstrated encouraging trends with the 90% cue. Auditory cueing to facilitate gait in all stages of PD, including in the “Off” state, was supported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".