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Record W2317188133 · doi:10.1093/jahist/97.2.371

Smuggling, Globalization, and America's Outward State, 1870-1909

2010· article· en· W2317188133 on OpenAlex
Andrew Cohen

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of American History · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCaribbean history, culture, and politics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsLawDutyImmigrationState (computer science)ConfiscationAncient historyPolitical scienceHistory

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

On May 16, 1870, U.S. federal marshals raided the fashionable Manhattan home of José de Bessa Guimarães, seeking $30,000 in diamonds smuggled from Rio de Janeiro. Customhouse officer Capt. James Chalker alleged that Guimarães, a wealthy Portuguese merchant, had used his position to import the gems without paying duty. The officers found nothing until one of the inspectors “intercepted” Guimarães's American-born daughter Celia fleeing the domicile. Searching the five-year-old girl, agents discovered a box containing “several thousand dollars” in gems. Federal marshals arrested the foreign national, holding him on $50,000 bail (equal to over $850,000 today).1 Guimarães's smuggling arrest was but one of many during the spring of 1870. Throughout March and April newspapers routinely reported the confiscation of jewelry, silk, and bay oil, legal items imported without the payment of proper duty. The New York Times ran daily articles and features on deception by immigrants, travelers, and professionals. Its competitor, the New York Herald, denounced Charles L. Lawrence, a former customs inspector charged with running a smuggling ring in the heart of the port of New York. In May 1870 the pressure on smugglers intensified. On the tenth, officials arrested a former ship's captain, William Hall, for unsuccessfully helping a young woman smuggle her bridal trousseau into New York. On the eighteenth, customs inspectors detained a German immigrant for hiding birch brooms in his luggage, a lady milliner for attempted bribery, a man secreting watch chains, and another man holding hundreds of dollars in undeclared velvet. On May 23, Special Treasury Agent Gen. Newton Martin Curtis arrested David Tilton and John Tilton for smuggling $3,000 in Canadian nutmeg into New York City. Two days later, Secret Service agents seized three thousand cigars on the Cuban steamer Morro Castle.2

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.218
Threshold uncertainty score0.741

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.265
Teacher spread0.255 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it