3-D Mapping and Correlation of Intraformational Seals Within the Latrobe Group in the Nearshore Gippsland Basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During its assessment of the nearshore Gippsland Basin (within 25 km of the coastline), the CarbonNet project has identified interbedded coals and shales of the Middle Eocene Lower N. asperus Zone as the key seal for upper Halibut reservoirs. This interval corresponds to the (Bartonian) T2 basal zone of the coal seams within the onshore coal-bearing Traralgon Formation which is widespread within the nearshore region of the Gippsland Basin. Previous hydrocarbon exploration shows that the T2 sequence is the intraformational topseal to several intra-Latrobe oil accumulations in the nearshore area, and that distinct pressure and salinity differences exist across this aquitard. Hence, the T2 represents a sub-regional seal, and is shown to be one of a set of backstepping subregional seals throughout the Bass Strait petroleum province. This family of seals offers additional trapping opportunities for future oil exploration in the offshore Gippsland Basin. A detailed correlation between nearshore and onshore wells has been carried out using existing well and 3D seismic data to define 3D geometry and continuity of the T2 units. The onshore Traralgon Formation ties to the offshore Burong Formation in the Barracouta gas field and small oilfields in the nearshore western Gippsland Basin. Seismic attribute extracts are presented as maps of coal quality and facies demonstrating the aspect ratio and lateral extent of coal depocentres, as well as details of the fluvial inputs, channel geometries, and clastic depocentres. Seal capacity of these intraformational seals is defined as a minimum by the observed hydrocarbon columns but also by MICP data which suggests seal potential well in excess of the proven columns. The critical constraints on trap capacity appear to be fault-related, and depend on the time scale. For petroleum, where multi-million year trapping is required in order for oil to be still present today, very efficient trapping is required with essentially no fault transmissibility. For CO2 storage over many thousands of years, slow seepage through faults and offset baffles may be acceptable, especially where it leads to additional dissolution into the active aquifer which is sweeping fluids from onshore to offshoreCorrelation of the T2 sequence and the definition of fairways where there is suitable seal potential is crucial to assess CO2 storage potential and intraformational hydrocarbon trapping over the next 50 years of Gippsland Basin activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".