The Myth of Confucian Capitalism in South Korea: Overworked Elderly and Underworked Youth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The discourse of Confucian capitalism in East Asia is built upon two assumptions. First, some Confucian virtues, such as strong family ties, the greater importance of community over individuals and social cohesiveness, have remained intact in East Asia. Second, these virtues have contributed to the industrialization of East Asian countries. For example, the collective orientation for catch-up growth helped the state to set development as the nation’s priority goal and to mobilize society to achieve this goal.1 For the scholars of Confucian capitalism, South Korea (hereafter, Korea) is a typical case of this discourse. They have highlighted a well-preserved tradition of elderly support by young breadwinners despite the country’s rapid industrialization.2 Within Korean households, adult children play the bread-winning role and take care of their dependent family members. Retired parents, lacking reliable income after leaving the workforce, depend on their adult children for support. The scholars have further argued that this type of intergenerational linkage has shaped strong collective bonds among Koreans, which has empowered the state to endeavour to achieve economic growth in the name of the public good of the nation.3
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".