High-Power-Efficiency Blue Electrophosphorescence Enabled by the Synergistic Combination of Phosphine-Oxide-Based Host and Electron-Transporting Materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new host material of (4-{1-[4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl]cyclohexyl}phenyl)bis(4-methylphenyl)amine (POPCPA) is designed and synthesized by integrating electron-donating 4,4′-dimethyldiphenylamine unit and electron-accepting diphenylphosphine oxide group into the cyclohexane skeleton. The design strategy endows the host material with a high triplet energy of 2.93 eV, a shallow HOMO level of −5.24 eV, and a bipolar charge transporting feature. In addition, a new electron-transporting (ET) material of 1,3,5-tri[3-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl]benzene (TP3PO), which possesses a high triplet of 2.78 eV, a deep HOMO level of −6.40 eV, and a good ET ability, is constructed by the suitable combination of three diphenylphosphine oxide groups and the triphenylbenzene skeleton. These features render these phosphine-oxide-based functional materials ideal for blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). By employing these functional materials, a blue device exhibits low driving voltages of 2.6, 3.6, and 5.4 V at the luminance of 1, 100, and 1000 cd m –2, respectively, and the highest power efficiency (up to 45.3 lm W –1 ) to date for iridium(III) bis(4′,6′-difluorophenylpyridinato)tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (FIr6)-based blue PhOLEDs, which is significantly higher than those of the FIr6-based PhOLEDs with n-doped electron-transporting layer or p-i-n structure. These results suggest that the high-power-efficiency blue PhOLEDs can be achieved by elaborate designing of host and electron-transporting materials systematically to suit the blue emitter and emission zone structure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".