MAPPING ACID MINE DRAINAGE AT AN ABANDONED MINE SITE IN OTTAWA COUNTY, OKLAHOMA USING 3D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Park Walton Mine is an abandoned mining site in the Melrose Mining District, Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The site was mined for lead and zinc ores in the 1940s. Today, a 40,000 m2 area is covered with waste rock and fine tailings discarded at the site as part of the mining process. Four vent shafts are present that extend into mine voids located approximately 100 m below ground surface. The vent shafts discharge water contained in mine voids to the surface during times when the underlying aquifer is overpressured. No data exist regarding heavy metal contamination at the site or the extent to which heavy metals have mobilized off-site. The present study aimed to assess the extent to which the shallow subsurface at the site was contaminated with acid mine drainage products using 3D electrical resistivity tomography. Electrical resistivity surveys are commonly applied to acid mine drainage studies because the products of acid mine drainage (SO42-, H+, metal ions) cause affected waters to be highly conductive to electrical current. Inversion results indicated conductivity anomalies in the shallow subsurface related to fluid flow associated with contaminant transport away from the waste rock pile and vent pipe discharges. Results from this study provided insight into the hydrodynamics at the site and will be used to plan future contamination surveys and mitigation efforts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".