Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NorSand is a generalized critical state model for soil based on the state parameter ∴ and incorporating familiar ideas in geomechanics, some of which date back more than a century. NorSand has associated plasticity but dilates similarly to actual soil through the introduction of limited hardening. Limited hardening causes yield in unloading, replicating observed soil behavior with second order detail. Principal stress rotation always softens NorSand, realistically representing cyclic loading effects. NorSand is a sparse model with just eight soil properties required to capture these many aspects of soil behavior over a wide range of density and confining stress. It has been validated over a range of conditions, including the practically important case of plane strain. The paper provides an introduction to NorSand, describing the idealizations and illustrating model performance/ validation. Determining soil properties and ∴ is discussed. Finally, implementing NorSand within finite element codes is reviewed. A spreadsheet with VBA open source code implementation of NorSand for common laboratory tests can be downloaded from the UBC website.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it