The Adverse Effects of Not Including Capacity Addition During LiIon Taper Charging in EPS Sizing for LEO Missions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the design of the Electrical Power System, the batteries are used during the eclipse cycle where there is no sunlight, to provide energy to a certain depth-of-discharge (DOD), and are charged during the times that the spacecraft is in the sun. For high orbits, such as Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), there is ample time to charge both Nickel Hydrogen (NiH) and Lithium Ion (LiIon) battery cells from the maximum allowed DOD back to a full condition. For Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with high energy use profiles, charging current restrictions may limit the amount of current available for charging per orbit, and full recharging may not occur until after a certain number or many complete orbits. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of allowing or disallowing the including of the capacity addition during the taper charging portion of the recharging cycle for LiIon battery cells. Taper charging is defined to begin when the maximum specified charging voltage is reached, and may continue until the cell is fully charged. Some researchers have suggested that the capacity addition during taper charging might not be allowed in order to offset other capacity losses that may occur, such as during cell rebalancing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".