Ignition Envelope for Supersonic Combustion of Bulk Metals
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
diameter spheres of titanium at velocities greater than 1 km/s into pure oxygen at pressures greater than 1 bar, intense luminosity was observed around the projectile and in a long, luminous wake behind it, as observed by a high speed video camera and photodetectors. The luminosity was unambiguously attributed to reaction of the titanium in oxygen. The results with smooth, as-delivered titanium spheres exhibited a large degree of irreproducibility, with some spheres not reacting at the high velocities (1.5 km/s) and pressures (5 bar) tested. By intentionally roughening the surface of the spheres with approximately 100 m asperities, the results were made more reproducible and a sharp boundary between combustion and no combustion results could be dened. Preliminary spectroscopic analysis of the luminosity indicated temperatures of nearly 6000 K on the burning spheres, in good agreement with adiabatic ame temperature calculations of stoichiometric titanium combustion at post-shock conditions. All of these results point to a combustion-type phenomenon with signicant feedback from the reaction to the projectile surface, as opposed to more conventional ablation followed by decoupled reaction in the wake.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it