Effect of Redox Reaction Products on the Luminescence Switching Behavior in CePO<sub>4</sub>:Tb Nanorods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The luminescence switching behavior of CePO 4:Tb has been widely studied upon an interfacial oxidation–reduction reaction where KMnO 4 and ascorbic acid act as an oxidant and a reductant, respectively. However, the transformation of Mn-involved species derived from KMnO 4 during the oxidation–reduction cycle and their effect on the luminescence properties of CePO 4:Tb have not been explored so far. Here, we further study this interfacial reaction between CePO 4:Tb and KMnO 4 through various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. We find that an amorphous manganese oxide layer forms on the CePO 4:Tb surface along with the partial oxidation of Ce(III) upon addition of KMnO 4 . In the subsequent reduction, the ascorbic acid not only reduces Ce(IV) to Ce(III) but also dissolves the formed manganese oxide. If manganese oxide is kept on the CePO 4:Tb surface during the reduction treatment, the photoluminescence of Tb(III), due to the energy transfer from Ce(III) to Tb(III), would be restrained even if Ce(IV) ions were efficiently reduced. Although the degree of surface oxidation/reduction (Ce(III)/Ce(IV)) was considered to be a key factor for the luminescence quenching/recovery behavior in previous studies, there is a strong indication that the reaction product, e.g. manganese oxide, and associated surface defects generated from the oxidation–reduction reaction can disturb the photoluminescence of Tb(III) when they are not removed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".