An assessment of the time-lapse seismic repeatability using a permanent array for reservoir monitoring at the Aquistore CO<sub>2</sub> storage site, Saskatchewan, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the results of time-lapse seismic data processing of two vintages of data acquired prior to CO2 injection at the Aquistore CO2 storage site. The aim of this study is to determine the utility of a sparse permanent seismic array as a time-lapse measurement tool so as to improve the cost effectiveness of CO2 monitoring at Aquistore. Using a processing flow to optimise both the seismic image and similarity between the vintages, we processed the baseline and monitor volumes using the simultaneous processing method. Additionally, we evaluated the nRMS at 13 different stages of processing in a pre-and post-equalisation analysis to evaluate the impact of processing sequence on reducing the non-repeatable difference between the vintages. The global nRMS was reduced from 1.13 for the raw datasets to 0.13 after migration with further reduction to 0.07 after the post-stack cross-equalisation processing sequence. A simulation of the changes in rock properties and seismic response due to various scenarios of CO2 injection in the reservoir suggests that CO2 reservoir monitoring at Aquistore is not limited by the repeatability of the surveys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".