Application of a Novel Temporary Blocking Agent in Refracturing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel temporary blocking and A novel temporary blocking agent used as diverting/re-orientation agent in refracturing was introduced in this paper[1]. Laboratory results and field application show that the agent can effectively improve the refracturing well production[2]. The temporary blocking agents include two types, fiber and granular shape. The diverting/re-orientation mechanism is that the fiber agent firstly bridge in the original old fractures, then the granular agent can further accumulate on the shaped bridge in the fracture. And the granular agent can form effective plugging because it is deformable and expandable. Then the new fractures can initiate and propagate along a new path where the direction of in-situ stress has altered after the long-term production from the old hydraulic fracture. Thus the well production can increase because the fracture extend into new oil drainage area. Both of the temporary blocking agents can be completely degraded and the degradation time is controllable, which will bring minimum damage to the formation. Laboratory results show that by "bridging and plugging" the temporary blocking agents can effectively block the old hydraulic fracture. The blocking strength can be up to 40MPa. The main factors affecting temporary blocking strength include the agent volume, size, adding timing, adding speed and manner, etc. These factors can be optimized according to the blocking requirements in fracturing designs. Field case study show that the agents can effectively "bridge and plugging" the old fracture, then the new fracture initiation can be observed obviously. Meanwhile, the production of re-fractured well increased significantly, which is much better than the previous refracturing treatment results in the same oilfield. This novel temporary blocking agents and diverting/re-orientating technology provides effective means which can enhance the controllability, success rate and effectiveness of the refracturing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".