Nitrogen-doped Graphene as an Active Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) sheets are synthesized by thermal reduction and ammonia treatment of graphene oxide (GO). Scanning electron microscopy has revealed a voile-like morphology of NG sheets, which highly contrasts from the stacked layers observed with GO. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has verified successful nitrogen-doping of NG sheets, and Raman spectroscopy has confirmed a higher degree of deformation in NG sheets due to the incorporation of heterogeneous nitrogen atoms. To evaluate NG sheets as a highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst, half-cell electrochemical testing has been employed using rotating disk electrode (RDE) in an alkaline aqueous electrolyte. NG sheets demonstrate a pseudo four-electron pathway O2 reduction, and a comparable ORR performance to that of a commercial carbon supported platinum (Pt/C) catalyst. This excellent ORR activity of NG sheets is most likely due to the active sites created by nitrogen-doping in the graphene sheets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".