Settlement Estimation of Shallow Footings of Saturated and Unsaturated Sands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simple relationships are proposed in this paper by modifying the Schmertmann et al. (1978) equation for foundation settlement estimations of sands both in saturated and unsaturated conditions. The modified method can be used for axi-symmetric footings (i.e., B/L ≈ 1) carrying vertical loads. This method is developed using the results of surface and embedded model footings tests (PLTs) and model cone penetration tests (CPTs) conducted in a controlled laboratory environment. The developed method is validated using in-situ data obtained from six large-scale footings and CPTs tested in unsaturated sands. The results of the study are encouraging to the practicing engineers as they are simple and provide reliable estimations of the settlement of shallow footings in both saturated and unsaturated sands from CPTs results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".