Pain Catastrophizing and Symptom Severity During Upper Respiratory Tract Illness
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the relation of pain catastrophizing to the severity of upper respiratory tract illness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included 50 adults (35 female subjects, 15 male) who were self-diagnosed with upper respiratory tract illness and who agreed to complete a diary of symptoms for 7 days. Illness symptoms were grouped into three categories: pain-related, constitutional, and respiratory symptoms. RESULTS: Results showed that pain catastrophizing was associated with symptom number and symptom severity in all three categories of symptoms. The rumination subscale of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale showed the strongest relations with illness severity. The relation between pain catastrophizing and illness severity remained significant even when controlling for initial symptom severity, duration of the symptoms before the study period, and depression. DISCUSSION: The results provide the preliminary evidence that the influence of pain catastrophizing may not be restricted to pain-specific domains. The data also provide some support for the view that the excessive focus on bodily sensations may account for more severe symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".