Solvent effect on the dipole moments and photo physical behaviour of 2,5-di-(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene dye
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The absorption and emission spectra of fluorescent thiophene dye, namely, 2,5-di-(5-tert-butyl-2-benzoxazolyl) thiophene, have been recorded at room temperature in solvents of different polarities. The excited state dipole moments (μe) were estimated from Lippert’s, Bakhshiev’s, and Kawski–Chamma–Viallet’s equations using the variation of Stoke’s shift with the solvent dielectric constant and refractive index. The optimized geometry of the molecule and μg were calculated theoretically by Gaussian 03 software using B3LYP/6-31g* level of theory. The μg and μe were calculated by means of solvatochromic shift method and μe was determined in combination with μg. It was observed that μe were higher than those of the μg, indicating a substantial redistribution of the π-electron densities in a more polar excited state for the selected thiophene dye. Further, the change in the dipole moment (Δμ) was calculated both from solvatochromic shift method and on the basis of microscopic empirical solvent polarity parameter [Formula: see text] and values are compared.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".