Relationship Between Ambulatory Performance and Self-Rated Disability in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. A cross-sectional study. Objective. To identify the relationship between performance measures derived from accelerometry and subjective reports of pain, disability, and health in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Summary of Background Data. Accelerometers have emerged as a measure of performance, providing the ability to characterize the pattern and magnitude of real-life activity, and sedentarism. Pain and loss of function, particularly ambulation, are common in LSS. The extent to which pain, perceived disability, and self-rated health relate to performance in patients with LSS is not well known. Methods. Data regarding self-reported pain, disability (Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand), and health (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]) were collected from patients with LSS (n = 33). Physical activity, ambulation, and inactivity performance measures were derived from 7-day accelerometer records. Correlation and stepwise regression were used. Results. The physical function subscale of the SF-36, a non–pathology-specific outcome, had the best overall correlation to physical activity and ambulation (average r = 0.53) compared with pain (average r = 0.32) and disability (average r = −0.45) outcomes. Stepwise regression models for performance were predominantly single-variable models (4 of 8 models); pain was not selected as a predictor. A second non–pathology-specific outcome, the Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand, improved the prediction of performance in 5 of 8 models. Conclusion. Subjective measures of pain and disability had limited ability to account for real-life performance in patients with LSS. Future research is required to identify determinants of performance in patients with LSS because barriers to activity may not be disease-specific. The relationship of pain and disability with performance was evaluated in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis, using accelerometry. Domain-specific measures provided improved explanatory ability above disease-specific disability and pain assessments for ambulatory behavior. Outcome assessments should include performance measures, and interventional approaches need to address non-diseasespecific barriers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".