Measurements of Base Pressure and Energy Separation on a Circular Cylinder in Subsonic Cross Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments were conducted on the vortex shedding of a circular cylinder in cross flow, over the subsonic speed range. Although the phenomenon of energy separation behind bluff bodies had been discovered in 1943 no time-resolved temperature measurements had been achieved in the wake of a cylinder. Previous attempts to provide such measurements had been frustrated by the inadequate bandwidth of available temperature measurement instrumentation. New temperature measuring techniques gave a bandwidth of over 80 kHz, making it possible to investigate total temperature fluctuations behind the cylinder, in addition to total pressure and hence entropy. Time-resolved pressure distributions give information on surface pressure fluctuations and the corresponding drag and base drag coefficients are provided. Flow changes at higher subsonic velocities and into the transonic range are described and this should improve understanding of vortex shedding and base pressure. From time-resolved measurements of wake total pressure and temperature the phenomenon of energy separation was demonstrated. The vortex shedding was strongest and most coherent at a Mach number of 0.6. This condition became the focus of the investigation which linked the phenomena of energy separation and base pressure through the vortex shedding behavior. Nomenclature CD Drag coefficient CBD Base drag coefficient Cp Static pressure coefficient
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".