Redispersible Polymer Colloids Using Carbon Dioxide as an External Trigger
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polystyrene latexes prepared using a carbon dioxide switchable amidine surfactant and a switchable free radical initiator can be aggregated using only nitrogen and gentle heat and redispersed using carbon dioxide and sonication. The long-term colloidal stability of the redispersed latexes is excellent provided they are maintained under a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Redispersion of the particles is most effective when both the surfactant and the initiator contain switchable amidine moieties. The zeta potential of the original particles (with the switchable surfactant/initiator in their active form) decreases when the surfactant and initiator are converted to their inactive form upon addition of nitrogen and heat. Zeta potential is restored to its original value upon conversion of the surfactant and initiator to their active forms with carbon dioxide addition. This is the first report of redispersible polymer colloids that can be aggregated by reduction of surface charge, without requiring added acid or base solution. These switchable latexes demonstrate the future potential for switchable polymer colloids, capable of undergoing multiple reversible aggregation−redispersion cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".