Quantum theory of longitudinal momentum transfer in above-threshold ionization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the ionization process, longitudinal momentum along the direction of propagation is transferred to the photoelectrons due to the action of the magnetic component of Lorentz force. In a recent experiment by Smeenk et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 193002 (2011)], such a transfer is observed in the ionization of argon and neon atoms by circularly polarized light at 800 and 1400 nm in the intensity range of ${10}^{14}--{10}^{15}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. They accounted for the results by a purely classical model. We present a fully quantum-mechanical calculation of the transfer of longitudinal momentum to the photoelectrons. The results are in agreement with the observations of Smeenk et al. at high intensities, but clear evidence for additional Coulomb interactions emerges at low intensities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".