Distance and evolutionary state of the supernova remnant G18.1−0.1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyse radio and X-ray observations of the supernova remnant (SNR) G18.1−0.1 and the overlapping and surrounding H ii regions. The H i absorption spectra yield a new distance of 5.6 kpc to G18.1−0.1 and confirm previous distance estimates for the surrounding H ii regions. All of the H ii regions are significantly closer (d = 2.9 to 4.1 kpc) than SNR G18.1−0.1, so we conclude that they are not physically associated. Chandra archival X-ray observations of G18.1−0.1 show extended shell-type X-ray emission from the SNR. The X-ray spectrum is used to determine that the SNR is in the Sedov adiabatic expansion phase. G18.1−0.1 is ≃8.9 pc radius, middle-aged (5 kyr), expanding in normal density interstellar medium (≃0.6 cm−3) and has a low explosion energy (≃2.5 × 1050 erg).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".