Circulation and Exchange in a Small Subembayment of Lake Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mathematical models of aquatic ecosystems in well-mixed laboratory flow reactors suggest that hydraulic residence time is a key variable in determining the extent that ecosystems are self-organized or dominated by outside influence. Our study is part of a larger project "Lake Ontario Biocomplexity Study: Physical, biological, and Human interactions shaping the ecosystems of freshwater bays and lagoons", funded through the National Science Foundation (NSF) Biocomplexity in the Environment Program, which attempts to extend this theory into natural freshwater embayments. The physical environment in these embayments is more complicated than laboratory well-mixed reactors, and therefore their residence times are not easily identifiable. The embayments are subject to stratification, tidal and wind forcing, forming a balance of competing forces the former effectively prevents vertical mixing while the latter two drive the system toward a vertically, and horizontally well mixed state. Processes influencing their mean residence time are reviewed in this work and investigated in the particular case of Little Sodus Bay (LSB), a small freshwater subembayment of Lake Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".