Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In the HP-HT field of Villafortuna Trecate, located in northern Italy, five horizontal drain holes have been drilled in the last few years. Existing wells have been sidetracked to access trapped reserves and to enhance production. Since the field is the deepest onshore European field, these wells are amongst the deepest horizontal wells ever drilled. Final measured depths are over 6300 m with an average true Vertical Depth of about 6000 m. Several technical problems related to the extremely severe HP-HT environment were met, both in drilling, completion and stimulation phase. This paper briefly describes the Trecate 9 drain hole drilling and completion execution, with emphasis on the stimulation technique adopted to obtain an effective acid diversion along 250 meters of open hole section, the longest in the field. Without getting into complicated analysis involving fluodynamics, kinetic of chemical reactions, effects of bridging and chemical diverting agents that would necessitate separate studies, the description of this technique is focused on basic design concepts and how operations have been carried out on this field application. Nevertheless we believe that this simple and cost effective technique represents a real opportunity in all the cases when diversion of treating fluids is a concern, and hope that in the future, more work done following this basic guideline will lead to many other successful field applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".