Bibliographic record
Abstract
Viscoelasticity is a mechanical characteristic of most biological tissues, and the lungs are no exception. It implies that stress is not constant during a sustained constant strain; for example, when the lungs are maintained inflated at a constant volume, the transpulmonary pressure decreases with time. This article briefly discusses some of the implications of pulmonary viscoelasticity, the frequency dependence of lung compliance, the prolonged expiratory time required for exhalation, and the consequence on forced expiratory maneuvers, such as the forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1). With respect to the latter, the article concludes by presenting new experimental data on 57 male and 43 female individuals. These normal subjects performed FEV1 immediately after reaching total lung capacity (TLC) or after a breath-hold at TLC of 5 or 10 seconds. After the breath-hold at TLC, FEV1 decreased in all, but significantly more in female than in male individuals. The sex difference in the viscoelastic properties of the lungs could have implications on differences in pulmonary pathophysiology between sexes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".