Experimental Investigation of Fracture Toughness Reduction and Fracture Development in Basalt Specimens under Microwave Illumination
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This is a part of a research program at McGill University, employing microwave assisted rock breaking system as an alternative to the explosive fragmentation. Given the fact that microwave radiation can reduce the strength of rock, a combination of microwave and mechanical rock breaking methods can potentially contribute in better and efficient mechanical breaking of hard rock. Microwave-assisted method can be used in mechanical breaking machinery such as full face tunnel boring machines and space excavators for rock sampling in space exploration missions. An experimental investigation of fracture toughness of basalt specimens under microwave illumination (BSUI) was carried out. Approximately 100 semi-circular basalt specimens with 50 mm diameter and 15 mm thickness were exposed to microwave radiations for 5 to 30 seconds at power level of 1000-5000 watts. Fracture toughness BSUIs were measured employing Semi-circular Bending Method (SCB) and compared with those of untreated samples. Note that terrestrial basalts have close chemical composition and physical property similarity to lunar and Martian rocks. Petrographic standard test has been employed to investigate the effect of micro-structural characteristics of BSUI on microwave susceptibility, thermo-mechanical cracks development in differential mineral phases. Such micro-structural characteristics include mineralogy proportion, grain size, pre-existing crack shapes, and pre-existing crack sizes. This study shows that although both power level and exposure duration lead to fracture toughness reduction and increase of fracture density; however, applying higher powers in shorter durations causes more fracture density and fracture toughness reduction. Given that heating rate of absorbent mineral dependent upon applied power and sudden expansion of neighbouring mineral due to the higher heating rate increases more grain bonds breaking and develops more micro crack in illuminated rock.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it