Experimental Verification of the Theory of Nuclear Quadrupole Relaxation in Liquids over the Entire Range of Molecular Tumbling Motion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of quadrupolar nuclei ( I > 1/2) in liquids often consist of broad resonances, making it difficult to obtain useful chemical information. The poor NMR spectral resolution commonly observed for quadrupolar nuclei is a direct consequence of nuclear quadrupole relaxation processes. Although all key aspects of nuclear quadrupole relaxation processes have been known for decades within the framework of the Redfield relaxation theory, direct experimental NMR relaxation data that cover a wide range of molecular motion in liquids for quadrupolar nuclei are generally lacking. Here we report a complete set of experimental nuclear quadrupole relaxation data that are obtained for 17 O, a half-integer quadrupolar nucleus, over the entire range of molecular motion within the limit of the Redfield theory. A general approach utilizing the quadrupole relaxation properties in the slow motion limit will be particularly beneficial for studies of quadrupolar nuclei in biomolecules of medium and large sizes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".