The mouse polydactylous mutation, luxate (lx), causes anterior shift of the anteroposterior border in the developing hindlimb bud
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pattern formation along the anterior-posterior axis of the vertebrate limb is established upon activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). Since many mouse mutants with preaxial polydactyly show ectopic expression of Shh at the anterior margin of the limb buds, it has been thought to be a primary defect caused by these mutations. We show here that the mouse mutation luxate (lx) exhibits dose-dependent reduction in the size of the Fgf8 expression domain in the ectoderm from the initial stage of limb development. This aberration was independent of Fgf10 expression in the limb mesenchyme. Shh was induced in the mesenchyme underlying the posterior end of the Fgf8 expression domain, indicating an anterior shift of Shh expression in lx hindlimb buds. Prior to the ectopic induction of Shh, the expression domains of genes downstream from Shh, namely dHAND, Gli1, Ptc and Gre, which are normally expressed in posterior mesenchyme of limb buds, expanded anteriorly on the lx hindlimb buds. Conversely, the expression domains of anterior mesenchymal markers such as Gli3and Alx4 decreased in size. Thus, ectopic Shh is not a primary defect of the lx mutation. Rather, our results indicate that the lx mutation affects the positioning of the anteroposterior border in developing hindlimb buds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".