A “Plug-and-Play” Method to Prepare Water-Soluble Photoresponsive Encapsulated Upconverting Nanoparticles Containing Hydrophobic Molecular Switches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A convenient and versatile protocol to encapsulate lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles by an amphiphilic polymer shell containing photoresponsive diarylethene chromophores was developed. The assemblies are all water-soluble and fluoresce in the visible region of the spectrum when excited with 980 nm near-infrared light. The fluorescent emission can be selectively and reversibly modulated by alternatively irradiating the photoresponsive nanoparticles with UV light and visible light, which triggers ring-closing and ring-opening reactions of the chromophores, respectively. Fluorescence lifetime experiments suggest that the quenching mechanism is a combination of energy transfer and emission-reabsorption processes. These photoresponsive upconverting nanoparticles have the potential to advance bioimaging and other applications in nanophotonics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".