Abstract 194: Loss of imprinting and abnormal expression of insulin-like growth factor II in gastric cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, and is highly prevalent in China. Loss of imprinting (LOI) of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-2) gene is an important epigenetic phenomenon related to carcinogenesis and tumor progression in many human cancers. To date, however, few studies have evaluated the IGF-2 LOI in GC. Aims: This study aimed: (1) to examine the prevalence of LOI of IGF-2 in tumor, matched normal gastric mucosa, and peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) from a well characterized series of patients with GC, and in PBL from a control group, (2) To examine the association of LOI of IGF-2 with circulating IGF-2 and tissue IGF-2 expression. Methods: IGF-2 genomic imprinting status was analyzed by PCR and RT-PCR followed by restrictive endonuclease (Apa I) digestion. Prevalence of LOI in PBL from 33 Apa I informative GC patients (21 males, age: 59.91±13.87) was compared with that from 21 informative controls (13 males, age: 56.81±13.28). Findings were also associated with the clinicopathologic parameters in patients with GC. IGF-2 level in peripheral blood (ng/ml) and tumor were determined with ELISA and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results: LOI of IGF-2 was positive in 48.48% (16/33) GC tumor, 21.21% (7/33) adjacent mucosa (AM), 12.12% (4/33) distant mucosa (DM), and 15.15% (5/33) PBL. The prevalence of LOI in PBL was not significantly different between GC patients (5/33, 15.15%) and controls (2/21, 9.52%) (p=0.693). Patients with LOI-positive tumor were more likely to be advanced stage (93.75% vs. 58.82%, p=0.039) or have positive lymph nodes (87.50% vs. 52.94%, p=0.057). Significantly increased blood IGF-2 level was seen in GC patients with LOI-positive tumor (808.07±255.25) when compared with those with LOI-negative tumor (396.21±198.94) (p<0.01). The positive rate of IGF-2 staining was significantly higher in tumor (10 of 16, 62.50%), AM (7 of 7, 100.00%), and DM (3 of 4, 75.00%) with LOI than that in tissues without LOI (tumor: 2 of 17, 11.76%; AM: 2 of 26, 7.69%; DM: 2 of 29, 6.90%) (p<0.01). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that IGF-2 is a critical factor in carcinogenesis and progression of GC, with LOI of IGF-2 modulating tissue and circulating expression of IGF-2. IGF-2 LOI may represent a potential epigenetic marker for gastric cancer risk, prognosis and treatment stratification. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 194.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".