Study of the Structural Characteristics of 3d Metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu Implanted in ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>—Experiment and Theory
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herein we systematically study a range of dopants (Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and an MnCo alloy) in ZnO and TiO 2 using several X-ray spectroscopic techniques. We identify the dopant’s local environment and interaction with the host lattice by employing crystal field multiplet calculations and hence clarify their potential applicability for spintronic technologies. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict a decreasing probability of direct cation (Zn/Ti) substitution by dopant atoms as atomic number increases, as well as a much greater likelihood of metallic clustering in TiO 2 . Our spectroscopic measurements confirm that in all cases, except Mn, metallic clusters of dopant atoms form in the TiO 2 crystal lattice, thus making it unfit for spintronic capabilities. On the other hand, in ZnO, the dopants substitute directly into zinc sites, which is promising for spintronic technologies.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it