Contact Hypersensitivity to Haptens of the European Standard Series and Corticosteroid Series in the Population of Adolescents and Adults With Atopic Dermatitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Until recently, it was thought that in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), contact hypersensitivity phenomenon occurs less frequently than in the general population because of the impaired cellular immune response. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of contact dermatitis in the population of patients with AD. METHODS: A total of 39 patients with clinical diagnosis of AD during remission were patch tested with 28 European Baseline Series allergens and 8 corticosteroids allergens in different concentrations and media. Twenty-nine (74.3%) patients were female and 10 (25.6%) patients were male. Thirty-three (84.6%) patients were older than 18 years. The mean duration of AD was 20 years. RESULTS: Nineteen (48%) patients had an allergic reaction to at least 1 European Standard Series allergen, and 5 (12.8%) patients had an allergic reaction to at least 1 corticosteroid. The most common allergens giving positive results were nickel sulfate (28.2%), potassium dichromate (20.5%), cobalt chloride (12.8%), and phenylenediamine, budesonide, betamethasone, clobetasol, and dexamethasone (7.7% each). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that allergic contact hypersensitivity is common among patients with AD and affects up to 40% of cases. Contact allergy to corticosteroids becomes a serious problem in the treatment of chronic inflammatory dermatoses such as AD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".