Marital Immigration and Graduated Citizenship: Post-Naturalization Restrictions on Mainland Chinese Spouses in Taiwan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries have witnessed dramatic transformations in migration and immigration patterns in East Asia, with many immigrant-sending nations becoming immigration destinations themselves. In Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong, this in-migration has largely taken the form of family reunification, with marital immigration as the main path to naturalized citizenship. Chinese spouses, primarily female, have constituted a major source of new immigrants to these countries, and although they pose different kinds of challenges in their new homes, only in Taiwan are they viewed overdy as a potential threat to national integrity and sovereignty because of the contested political relationship between China and Taiwan. This article examines how the Taiwan government regulates immigrants who are racially, ethnically and linguistically similar but who come tainted by persistent political conflicts across the Taiwan Strait. Through analyzing policies that create a second-class citizenship status for naturalized Chinese spouses, I show how concerns about a demographic and ideological invasion from Chinajustify restricting the rights granted to former Chinese citizens. These
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".