Labour, Poverty and the Export of Destitute Children As ‘Waste’
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have been arguing that a close connection began to be established between early forms of exclusion and the interests of capital. The context is the rise to predominance of the ideas of classical liberal political economy in Britain, particularly those of Smith, Bentham and Malthus, ideas which increasingly shaped policy and opinion. Central to these changes were the relocation and reconceptualisation of the poor, and the working class generally, by reference to the ‘wealth of the nation’ and to State regulation and management of targeted populations. Thus, political economy became authoritative in the debates leading up to the changes to the Poor Law Acts (1834), with direct consequences for the population of children we are considering. This chapter uncovers the importance of colonial economy in determining national strategies and policies regarding the treatment of the poor and those who fell foul of the law because of poverty. Immigration, notably from Ireland to England, and migration, forced or otherwise, settler colonies of Australia, Canada and South Africa, were central to these strategies. There is thus a global and imperial scope to the problem of exclusion which tends to be neglected, in this case the exportation to the colonies of troublesome and troubled children. This element of the genealogy has implications for a fuller account of biopolitics which will be noted at the end of the chapter. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".