Numerical DEM Examination of a Torsional Shear Test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents preliminary results of three-dimensional simulation of the pure torsional shear (PTS) test using the discrete element method with the stacked-wall technique to simulate the boundary conditions in the test. The average stress and strain components in the PTS test are presented. To investigate the stress-strain relationship inside and outside shear bands that develop during the loading, a measuring sphere is employed to monitor the localization behavior of the specimen. The evolution of porosity and coordination number in the shear zone at different locations is presented. The initiation and propagation of the shear band characterized by porosity and shear rate contour are visualized, which indicated the shear rate is a better indicator for shear-banding identification. The results demonstrate also that, based on the microparameter monitoring, the stress and strain measured in the shear zone is significantly different from boundary measurement. The paper also demonstrates that the discrete element method is an effective tool to investigate the mechanical behavior of particular materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".