Effects of Deamidation on Structure and Functional Properties of Barley Hordein
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deamidated hordeins of various deamidation degree (DD) ranging from 0.7 to 40% were prepared using an alkaline method. The hordein peptide bond cleavage, secondary structure, surface charge and hydrophobicity as well as their solubility, emusifying and foaming properties were studied as a function of DD value. SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results suggest that limited deamidation (≤ 4.7%) could dissociate hordein aggregates, leading to great increase of the protein solubility and surface hydrophobicty. A further increase of the DD value greater than 4.7% resulted in extensive protein hydrolysis and a marked change of protein secondary structure. The optimal functionalities were obtained at a narrow DD range (2.4-4.7%), where hordein samples demonstrated significantly improved solubility and the emulsifying and foaming properties at both acidic and neutral pHs. These results suggest that deamidated hordein would be an excellent candidate to be developed as an emulsifying and foaming ingredient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".