The Correlation Between Ossification of the Nuchal Ligament and Pathological Changes of the Cervical Spine in Patients With Cervical Spondylosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical data analysis. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between ossification of the nuchal ligament (ONL) and pathological changes of the cervical spine in patients with cervical spondylosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: ONL can usually be found in cervical spondylosis. Thus, it is important to find the correlation between ONL and pathological changes of the cervical spine in patients with cervical spondylosis. METHODS: The medical records of 100 patients with cervical spondylosis with the local type of ONL (ONL group) and 50 patients with cervical spondylosis only (control group) were reviewed. Data analysis included patients' sex, age, location of ONL, maximum cord compression level, osteophyte height ratio, and grade of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration. Radiological features were evaluated by lateral plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: In total, 69.0% of subjects in the ONL group had ONL located at the maximum cord compression level; there was no difference based on sex (P = 0.248). The value of the osteophyte height ratio was higher at the ONL level than at its superior and inferior adjacent segments (P < 0.001). The osteophyte height ratio was also significantly different at the C4-C5 (P < 0.001) and C5-C6 (P = 0.008) levels between the ONL group and the control group. There was a significant difference in distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration grading between the ONL level and superior adjacent segments (P = 0.028), as well as inferior adjacent segments (P = 0.049). The distribution of intervertebral disc degeneration grading at the C5-C6 level between patients whose location of ONL and maximum cord compression level were both at C5-C6 and patients whose maximum cord compression level was at C5-C6 in the control group was also significantly different (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: The location of ONL commonly corresponds to the most stenotic level of the spinal canal. The location of ONL also correlates with the level of osteophyte formation and intervertebral disc degeneration, indicating that ONL has correspondence to instability-related cervical pathological changes in cervical spondylosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".