A Modified Grain Model in Studying the CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Process with a Calcium-Based Sorbent: A Semianalytical Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The behavior of the carbonation reaction of the calcined Cadomin limestone used for CO 2 capture is described using the grain model and the changing grain size (CGS) model. To calculate the overall conversion over time, the mathematical modeling was solved semianalytically. The overall sorbent conversion obtained with the CGS model showed better agreement with the experimental data than the results obtained using the grain model. In the CGS model, the physical structure of the sorbent particle changes during the reaction. The CGS model was modified by considering a variable diffusion coefficient of the gaseous reactant through the development of the product layer. The modeling results showed the positive effects of increasing the reaction temperature and particle porosity on the rate of carbonation reaction. However, the rate of carbonation reaction decreased by increasing the sorbent particle size. Moreover, the modeling results demonstrated an initial kinetic control stage which was followed by a diffusion control step in the carbonation reaction of the calcined Cadomin limestone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".