Thixotropic Rheological Behavior of Maya Crude Oil
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Heavy oil and bitumen exhibit non-Newtonian rheological behaviors at lower temperatures. Thixotropy is one such behavior. Thixotropy affects the efficiency and length scale of mixing during blending operations and flow behaviors in pipes and pipelines following flow disruption, where it affects the pressure required to reinitiate flow. In the present work, thixotropic behaviors of Maya crude oil are explored systematically using a stress-controlled rheometer. Maya crude oil is shown to be a shear-thinning fluid below 313 K. The thixotropic behaviors are identified and explored using transient stress techniques (hysteresis loops, stepwise change in the shear rate, and startup experiments). The magnitude of the thixotropy effect is larger at lower temperatures. Relationships are identified between rest times and other thixotropic parameters, such as hysteresis loop area and stress decay, in startup experiments. Stress growth, which occurs as a result of a step-down in the shear rate, is shown to correlate with the temperature. The results also provide a benchmark data set for validation of rheological models for heavy oil that are immerging in the literature.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it