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Record W2322053851

Classifying Users and Non-Users of Internet Banking in Northern Malaysia

2006· article· en· W2322053851 on OpenAlex
T. Ramayah

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce · 2006
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldDecision Sciences
TopicTechnology Adoption and User Behaviour
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThe InternetBusinessLiberalizationSMS bankingCompetition (biology)Internet privacyFinancial servicesGlobalizationSnowball samplingRetail bankingMarketingAdvertisingFinanceComputer scienceWorld Wide WebEconomicsMedicine
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Internet banking has become the latest delivery channel for banking services due to the backlash from globalization and liberalization of financial services. Malaysian banks are desperately embracing this new distribution channel to prepare themselves for the competition which is looming in the near future. Using a structured questionnaire data was collected through a convenience sampling from 180 banking customers in the state of Penang, this study revealed that the banks have achieved considerable success as far as awareness is concerned as a vast majority of the respondents reported that they were aware of Internet banking. Although awareness was high, this has not translated into actual use as only 24.4% have had some Internet banking experience. Using the discriminant analysis it was found that Internet banking users had more prior Internet experience, had positive views on ease of use, were more aware of the Internet banking services and benefits and also had less security concerns as compared to the nonusers of Internet banking. Implications of these findings are further discussed.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.011
Threshold uncertainty score0.414

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.049
GPT teacher head0.318
Teacher spread0.269 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it