Increased Intestinal Permeability and Parkinson Disease Patients: Chicken or Egg?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Gastrointestinal involvement is a frequent and early event in the course of Parkinson Disease (PD), and may have a prominent role in the early pathophysiology of the disease. On the other hand, derangement in intestinal permeability could also result from the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract over the course of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The intestinal permeability of 12 non-selected PD patients was studied using a validated, non-invasive test; these results were compared to predefined age-adjusted reference values. RESULTS: 4/12 PD patients had abnormal gastrointestinal permeability; two had both an abnormal lactulose/mannitol ratio and an abnormal sucrose concentration, and two an isolated abnormal result. An increased lactulose/mannitol ratio is consistent with defect of either the enterocytes or the tight junctions between them. CONCLUSION: Intestinal permeability is increased in a significant proportion of unselected PD patients with minimal gastrointestinal symptoms. The significance of this finding needs to be further evaluated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it