Palladium-Platinum Alloy Anode Catalysts for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between the composition of palladium-platinum alloy nanoparticles and their performance as electrocatalysts for formic acid electro-oxidation has been studied. Unsupported nanoparticle palladium-platinum alloys have been prepared by the co-reduction of palladium and platinum salts with ethylene glycol and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrocatalytic activities of the alloys were compared to that of pure platinum and palladium nanoparticle catalysts using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and chronoamperometry. The results reveal a synergetic effect of platinum and palladium as well as independent behaviour of the two metals for formic acid oxidation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it