EXAMINATION OF S-WAVE PECULIAR RESONANCE-SPECTRA FOR IMPROVED CHARACTERIZATION OF NEAR SURFACE FLUID-RELEASES FOR EFFECTIVE HAZARD RESPONSE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hazards associated with aqueous and/or non aqueous toxic fluid-releases into near surface unconsolidated sediments assume a broad range including environmental, geotechnical and geohydrological, as of recent initiatives. This both exacts and promotes an efficient/improved monitoring of near surface. Acoustic and electrical methods potential in assisting prevention and mitigation is well identified/established compared to that of S-waves. S-wave analyses extended results, so, of a laboratory study are reported invoking fresh insights. A fully saturated unconsolidated close-pack of ceramic spheres i.e., 0.5 mm, mutually in elastic contacts in a vertical cylindrical PVC tube (i.e., 45 cm x 5.09 cm) flow-cell/analogue, was sequentially flowed through by oil followed/displaced by brine at controlled constant head conditions against gravity. This immiscible fluid-displacement process was imaged using 1MHz S-wave ultrasonic source-receiver pair facing diametrically at flow-cell midspan. Diffraction/interference resonance affected S-wave spectral peculiarities are examined for inferring, given background characteristics/definitions. Two resonance peaks, marked by amplitude and frequency shift, are observed in each of three different invading flow rate tests i.e., 4, 10 and 55 L/d. A pattern of frequency dependence of viscosity and density associated amplitude effects, in all three tests, separately, enabling isolate fluid phases, is observed. Mixed-zone assumes highest amplitudes but at lower frequencies only, possibly for viscosity and surface tension effect combined. Brine and oil associated amplitudes are comparable magnitude, however former tend to assume higher frequencies while latter overlap those of mixed phase i.e., defining two resonant peaks, with intermediate bandwidth significantly attenuated. Flow rate dependence of displacements/amplitudes is deducible/evident, overall. At lower frequencies viscosity controls amplitudes, while at higher frequencies they appear density sensitive. Significant bandwidth attenuation is caused by scattering and tuning/geometric destructive/interference effects associated with mixed-zone evolution and pluming/fingering. S-waves, given findings, offer a prospective method of enhanced parametric quantification/calibration of fluid/chemical species/responses, central to any effective fluid-release hazard response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".