Direct Spectroscopic Evidence for Constituent Heteroatoms Enhancing Charge Recombination at a TiO<sub>2</sub>−Ruthenium Dye Interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of three bis(tridentate) cycloruthenated sensitizers with furyl, thiophene, or selenophene units attached to the cyclometalated ligand were designed to examine how chalcogen atoms effect interfacial electron transfer events that occur following the absorption of visible light by the sensitizers when attached to mesoporous titania thin films immersed in CH 3 CN electrolytes. Spectroelectrochemistry established that the Ru III/II reduction potentials were confined to the 0.954–0.965 V vs NHE range for the series and that the density of TiO 2 acceptor states were sensitizer-independent. Pulsed light excitation into the metal-to-ligand charge transfer band of the sensitized thin films resulted in rapid excited state injection, k inj > 10 8 s –1 . Charge recombination (Ru III /TiO 2 (e – ) → Ru II /TiO 2 ) rate constants were insensitive to the identity of the cyclometalated compound, yet the open circuit photovoltages were markedly lower for the compound containing selenophene. These lower photovoltages appear to be a manifestation of a 4-fold-larger, second-order rate constant measured for the reaction between triiodide and TiO 2 (e – ) in the case that the selenophene comprises the donor fragment of the dye. Adduct formation between oxidized iodide(s) and the selenophene moiety of the sensitizer is implicated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".