Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the dissolution of NaCl nanocrystals (containing ∼2400 ions) in water. We focus on systems under sink conditions at 300 K, but the influences of concentration and temperature are also investigated. Cubical, spherical, tablet-shaped, and rod-shaped nanocrystals are considered, and it is shown that the initial shape can influence the dissolution process. Dissolution is observed to occur in three stages: an initial period where the most exposed ions are removed from the crystal surface, and the crystal takes on a solution-annealed shape which persists throughout the second stage of dissolution; a second long intermediate stage where dissolution roughly follows a fixed rate law; and a final stage where the small residual crystal (≲200 ions) dissolves at an ever increasing rate until it disappears. The second stage of dissolution which applies for most of the dissolution process is well described by classical rate equations which simply assume that the dissolution rate is proportional to an active surface area from which ions are most easily detached from the crystal. The active area depends on the initial crystal shape. We show that for our model NaCl nanocrystals the rate-determining step for dissolution under sink conditions is ion detachment from the crystal, and that diffusion layers do not exist for these systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".