Evaluation of Sn-Modified Ni/YSZ SOFC Anodes for the Direct Utilization of Methane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon formation on conventional Ni/YSZ anodes is a major problem when SOFC are operated with hydrocarbons. Carbon formation reduces the operational stability and life of SOFC. Electrolyte-supported SOFC with Sn-modified Ni/YSZ anodes (target Sn loading of 1 wt% with respect to Ni) have been fabricated and evaluated for the direct utilization of CH4 at 1073 K. Addition of Sn enhances the shrinkage of Ni/YSZ anodes during the sintering stage of fabrication process, leading to more densely packed microstructures and better electrochemical performances. Sn was not detected in the anode after the sintering stage, however. The high sintering temperature (1723 K) and the low thickness (40 - 100 µm) of the anodes used in this study appear to have enabled the removal of Sn species from the anode, which resulted in Sn not being present in the anodes at levels sufficient to improve the carbon tolerance of the Ni/YSZ anodes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".