Wave development in disk-like nearly inviscid liquid vortices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Observations with respect to the wave activity in a hydraulic vortex are reported herein. The main parameters describing the stationary and the mixed-mode core states are expressed in dimensionless forms and the functional relationship between them is analyzed. The interval of their existence is shown to depend on the wave number, the dimensionless initial liquid height, the Froude number, and the Reynolds number. Experiments reveal that even nearly in viscid vortices exhibit a weak hysterisis. Several properties associated with the interface waves are disclosed. Visualizations demonstrate that the arms of the vortex are seen to be formed at the leading edge of the central pattern by a wave train of free surface ripples similar to Kelvin's ship waves. These interface axial undulations that take place in the radial-tangential plane, originate from an area located near the axis of rotation, are then deflected by the tip of the vortex core forming a characteristic backward spiral downstream. Nomenclature
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".